Engine-cooling system



H. C. MALLORY ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM 152ml M492.

U N ifi? HARRY C. MALLORY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.; SUE B. LLORY ADMMSTRATREX 0F i SAID HARRY C. MALLRY, DECEASED.

Application filed September 3, 1921. Serial No. @$38,265.

To nll whom it may concern:

Be it known that I. HARRY C. MALLORY, citizen of the United States, and resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invent-ed certain new and useful Improvements in Engine-Cooling Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The general object of my present inven tion is to provide an improved engine cooling System of the type in which a cooling liquid is converted into vapor by the heatabstracted from thev engine, and the vapor thus generated is condensed in a condenser forming a part of the cooling system. A more specic object of the invention islto `provide an improved condenser for use in a, cooling system of thetype specified chard 'acterized by its simplicity and by the small structural diferences between it and radiators commonly employed in present day automobile engine cooling systems of the water circulation type.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particnlarity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of vthe invention, however. and the advantages possessed by-it. reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described referred embodiments of my inventionu Of the drawings:

Fig."1 is an elevation partly in section of an engine cooling system;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. Sis a small scale section taken similarly to Fig'. 2 illustrating a modification.

In the drawings and referring first to Figs. 1 and 2. A represents the cooling liquid jacket for the cylinders Al5 of-fan ordinary internal combustion engine.

for the cooling liquid which will `ordinarily be Water, or a Water and alcohol mixture, and A2 represents the jacket outlet for vapor which also serves as the overflow outlet for the cooling fluid. The outlet A2 is connected by a conduit C, which may advantageously include a. flexible section C' to the upper chamber B2 of the condenser. The' hot well Bls ofithe condenser Bis connected tothe jacket inlet A' by a return connection An inlet A .Y is provided at the bottom of the jacket spaceI including pipe sections D and D and a cir engine shaft through the reducing gear E',

the latter also vdriving the usual fanv G' through a belt (l. An air pipe H running. from the condenser to the suction intake manifold L of the engine forms ameans for withdrawing air from, and maintaining a vacuum in the condenser. The air pipe H is shown as provided with a steam trap or valve l permit-ting theescape of air, but restricting the escape of steam from the condenser through the pipe H. As shown the pipe section D comprises a goose neck portion extending to the top of the jacket and connted to the condenser by a ventpipe F to prevent the jacket from draining into the condenser .when the circuiating pump is stopped. Mrepres'ents a safety valve limiting the pressure in the condenser. and K represents a vacuum' relief valve, preferably adjustable, which is adapted to open and admit air to the condenser when the pressure therein falls to a predetermined minlmum.

The condenser is provided with distribI uted condensing' surfaces B Whichmadvan- .tageously, as shown, are formed by horizontal pipes having their ends `expanded and connected together to thereby form portionsof the front and rear walls of' the oondenser shell. In the respect noted the condenser is similar inconstruction to radiators commonly usedl in an automobile cooling system of the Water circulating type. The

tubes B are spaced away Jfrom the too of the condenser shell to provide .the inlet chamber B2, and are spaced'away from the bottom of thecondenser shell to provide the hot Well space B5, and are .spaced vaway from the side edges of the condenser shell tov provide channels B4, B and extending from the'chamber B2 to the chamber B5.

The channel B4 forms a chamber iniiwhich ,im

the air in the condenser tends to 'concentrate. The air outlet H opens from this "chamber, and advantageously-the equalizing connection F and the vacuum breaking valve K are also connected to this chamber. The upper end of the channel B isseparated from the inlet chamber B2 of the condenser by a baile E@ which also covers the upper portion of the/bank or condensing tubes, and diverte liqnid'and vapor'entering :the chamber B into the upper end of the channus nel B3. A hal'e B7 prevents the passage @space from the hot well B of vapor into the bottom of the intertuloc adgacent the channel B4, and a downwardly extenrling,`

:portion olthe baille B7 normally provides a Water seal preventing vapor from passing into the lower end of the channel B* 'from the vapor space in the het Well-BJn In the contemplated Inode of operation of the cooling systemshown in the drawings', liquid is forced into the jacket through the inlet A ai a rate at least .es great as, and preferably in excess of the rate at which liquid is evaporated in the system by the heat absorbed in the jacket A. lllhen liquid is heling forced into the jacket at a rate in of the rate of evaporation, some .of the liquid will pass from the top of the jacket through the outlet A2 and con-- -duit C Yinto the inlet Chamber B? of the condenser Under some conditions all of the i/apor generated by the heall vahsorloecl in the jacket may he liberated in the jacketor in the condliit C so that the discharge from the conduit C into the condenser will comprise a lower stream of liquid und an upper stream of vapor, bit under some conditions, the discharge into `the condenser v chamber B2 and the conduit will consist wholly or in part ofilooiling; liquid from which vapor is liberated in the condenser. When liquid is supplied to the jacket inlet A2 at vthe rate at which Vapor is generated from the liquid heated in the jacket,4 onlyI vapor and not liquid may enter the condenser from the conduit C, though in `this case,` under some conditions of operation, al

substantial portion of the vapor generated in the system may he liberated Within the Condenser from boiling' liquid carried into the latter through the conduit C,

In any event, the vapor and an?,7 unvaporized liquid passingr through the condene ser ehemher B2 are diverted into the 'ug'.per

lend ofthe channel B35 andere ynerented from passing' directly dcpvnward into he interlube spare or into the upper end of the channel .llq2 hy the heide l, The vapor en` tering the channel E3 passes from the latter into the adjacent open side of the' inter-tube s ncej while the liquid entering the channel 3 passes through the channel. E3 into the.

hot well chamber E5 Awithout appreciable flow through the intei'tuhe spaces of the condenser. Even with thc convex sides of the loanlr of tuhes which exists with the oval form of condenser iown in the drawings,

Athelldovnlowing water will have Alittle di rect Contact with .any of he tubes of the' condenser' except those immediately 'adja-v 'cent the' channel B With the clcscrlhed now s'mle'sion thef air in the Condenser will tend to concentrate in `the channel l and in the il'nmediate udace'nt portion of the intertube The fion" of Vapor into inten gaseosa tube space tends constantlj'to drive any airy in the system, toward the channel B, and all vapor paths of flow into the channel H4 traverse sufficient condensing 4tubes `to prevent any appreciable flow` of :vapor into the T0 channel B4 under normal operating condi tions. My improved condenser di'll'ers Init slightly from radiators in common use in engine cooling systems of the water circula-1 tion type. Indeed the condenser shown in- V15, Figsl and of the drawings differs from l one commerical typo of engine cooling radin-i tor onlyrin the olnissionof a few of the: upper tubes of the radiator and the addi-` tion `to the radiator structure of the halllcs BU B and BT. It is' therefore a comparatively .simple matter to convert an existing' engine I,

for this. lVith thev apparatus shown' all that 90 is really `necessary to convert the system into a water circulating system 1s `to `closey the -vali/e and increase the amount of Water in the system. v

In the modication illustrated in Figrli the channel B# as well as `the channell'".`

is in free communication at its uppeiwend with the inlet chamber B2, and the'hafle Bl serves to deflect Water from lthe s ace B2 into both ofthe channels Baand Il, both 1041i of which, in this case, serve as'iwatei" low and steam 'distributingchannels. yn Fig." Z3 the tubes l5 are spaced in `two banks or` groups se erated hy ay central, vertical air` channel il, which extends `upward `from. the hot well chamher tfno!- adjacont the halle BH". The air outlet H opens, as may also the equalizjng: Yventfconnection F, into the uppei end of the channel B34 which may ad'vantagemlsly he enlarged somewhat as 110'l shown. Balles Bmniay advantageously he i employed yas shown to normally provide a water scalagainst the passage of steamffrom" lhe'lower ends oi thechannels B and Bil' into the lowerend ,of the air channel B84. .lt will he ohvionsl'hat theoperation of `the apparatus shown in ligf. 3 is essentislly'the same as that shown inthe `apparatus 1 and` 2 except that in Finn-3 air only-has to cross-1 half of the 'tubes B trihuting channel into 'which it is withdrawn. I While in accordance willi 'the' of' the statutcs l have the air channel from provisions i dlustratcd and dcscrihcd thc host `forms o'f any present inven- 125 f rtocome from av-rdis- 1201@ insonne ,and that certain features of my invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Haring now described my invention, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. In an engine cooling system, tac vcombination with an engine cooling jacket, ot a surface condenser comprising a shell and distributed condensing surfaces therein interposed between an inlet chamber at the top of -tlie condenser and a water space at the bottom of the condenser, a connection leading from the jacket to said inlet cham ber, means for returning water from said water space to the jacket, an air outlet open,- ing from the condenser kadjacent to its top and a bathe in said condenser interposed be tween said inlet chamber and said air outlet, said baille, air outlet and condensing surfaces being so relatively disposed as to compel air or vapor passing to said outlet from said inlet chamber to follow an elongated pathof flow through which said condensing surface are interspersed.

2.. ln an engine cooling system, the combination with an engine cooling jacket, of a surface condenser comprising a shell and distributed condensing surfaces therein in terposed between an inlet chamber at the top of the condenser and a water space at the bottom of thccondenser, a connection leading from the jacket to said inlet cba1nber means for returning water from said water space ,to the jacket. and an arr outlet opening from the condenser' ad1acent its top, a

batiie interposed between said inlet chamber low an elongated disposed as tocompel air and said air outlet. said ba e, air outlet and condensing surfaces beingr so relatively disposed as to compel air or vapor passing; to said outlet from said inlet chamber to tolpath ot iow in which said condensing surfaces are interspersed and means tor closing said air outlet.

3. ln an engine cooling system'. the com bination with an engine cooling;l jacket, of a surface condenser comprising a shell and distributed condensing surfaces therein interposed between an inlet chamber at the, top of the condenser and a water space at the bottom oi the condenser. a connection leading from the jacket to said inlet charnber. means for returning water trom said water space to the jacket. an air outlet opening trom the condenser adjacent its top. a baille interposed between said inlet chamber and said air outlet. said batiie,'air outlet and condensingr surfaces being` so relatively or vapor passing tol said outlet from said inlet chamber to follow an elongatcdpathot iiow in which said condensing; surfaces are interspersed, an air exhauster,l and means for optionally closing,r said air outlet or connecting: it to said air exhauster.

fl. ln an engine cooling system lthe combination with the engine cooling gackct, ot a surface condenser comprising a shell, distributed condensing surfaces therein, interposed between an inlet chamber at the top of 4the condenser and a water space at the bottom of the condenser and rou ed to form a water flow and vapor istribntiifg channel leading downward'froin said charnber to said space, an air outlet opening from the condenser adjacent its upper end and horizontally separated from said. channel by a space contain-ing said condensing surfaces, a baille within the condenser diverting liquid and vapor trom said inlet chamber into said channel and preventing direct communication between said inlet chamber and said outlet, a connection from said jacket to said inlet chamber, and means for returning liquid from the lower portiono the condenser to the jacket.

A5. ln an engine cooling system the corn-A bination with a 'liquid cooling jacket, of Va surface condenser comprising a shell and distributed condensin surfaces interposed therein between an in etcharnber at the top orthe condenser and a Water spaccat the bottom of the condenser, said surfaces being 'arranged to provide a water flow ander/'spor distributing channel extending tlownwar past the condensing surfaces from said tcp chamber to said space, and an air space extending downward from said top chamber and separate-d horizontally from said chain-- nel by a group of said condensing surfaces, a battle or partition separating the upper end of said air space from said top chamber, and serving to divert Water and-Vapor from said top chamber into said channel, a' con nection from said iacket to said top' @kann ber, means 'tor returning liquid troni said bottom space Ato-the jacket. and means for discharging; air from said airspace,

6. ln an engine eooiingsystem the combination with a liquid cooling jacket, ci a lsurface condenser comprising ashell and distributed condensing surfaces therein, arranged to provide a water {iow and vapor distributing channel extending Adownaard from the top to the bottom of the condenser, a connection from said jacket to the upper portion o'r' the"`condenser, an air dischar e connection opening jacent its lrapper end and separated horizontally from said channel by agroup or interposed 'condensing surfaces, av baille within the condenser; shell for diverting liquid and vapor entering the condenser through said first mentioned connection into said channel and i'or preventing the direct flow ot' air and `vapor from they top ot the condenser into said air discharge connection, andmeans for returningliqnid from the A lower portion ot the condenser to the jacket.

,7. in an engine coolingsysteimtlie ccmiro from the condenser a binstien with en engine cooling jacket, of e surface eendenser comprising a sheli and distributed condensing surfaces therein zirrangefi to provide ychnnneis ai: the oppesie Sides of iie condenser between said con-A densing surfaces and the nij'aeenty weils of the condenser siieiL zi connect-ion from said jacket; *Le the upper portion of the condenser, a baffie Within the condenser shell closing" the upper end of one of said channels, and divert-ing liquid and vapor entering` the cendenser through said connertion into the np ,per end of the other Chennai, niermsfor ciischarging: nir from said one rininnei, and means for returningiiqu'id from the lower portion of the condenser to the jacket.

,8. n an engine cooling; system, the combineion with en engine cooling jacket, of e surface condenser comprising e-sheii and i Lesegee i distributed condensing;- surfaces therein arranged to provide channels-at.y heiopposite sides f ing-r sus: aces and the `Mijn/seni@ Weils of the the condenser between seid eondensr' f condenser shell, :i connection from said` jacket t0 the upper portion. of the condenser,v

the upper end of one of said channels, and

diverting liquid. and Va'porrentering the con-i denser through sind connectlon i inte the z upper end of theiother lchannel, meansffon admitting aix1` to and. discharging it from seid. one channel and. means for'returmng liquid from the lowerportion of the con-l 35 York and State of ENeW- Yorkfthisz 25,; e ba'ie Within the eonienser shell closing 1 

